Gali sejarah Pulau Onrust yang tak terlupakan
Penelitian kedua ini tidak mudah karena ternyata objek yang diteliti adalah sisa-sisa pondasi benteng pertahanan besar Onrust yang terletak di lapisan tanah paling bawah.
Di atasnya terdapat tiga lapis konstruksi yang dibangun pada abad berikutnya. Meski tidak mudah, namun tim berhasil menemukannya dan dari situ pula terungkap bahwa fungsi Pulau Onrust terus berkembang dari tahun 1600 – 1990.
Pulau Onrust tidak hanya menjadi tempat galangan kapal dan benteng pertahanan pada masa VOC – Hindia Belanda, namun kemudian menjadi tempat karantina penderita virus Leptospirosis, tempat karantina setiap jemaah haji yang pulang dari Mekkah, Arab Saudi.
Selanjutnya menjadi tempat pengasingan para pejuang kemerdekaan Indonesia dan penjara pada masa penjajahan Jepang. Chandrian membeberkan beberapa nama, dua di antaranya adalah JN Katili dan DN Aidit.
Segala bangunan peninggalan berabad-abad masih dapat ditemukan di Pulau Onrust, meski ada pula yang sudah menjadi puing-puing pondasi bangunan, bebatuan dan bongkahan besar kayu jati, bahkan beberapa meriam.
“Temuan ini tidak semuanya karena sebagian besar rusak dan hilang akibat penjarahan warga akibat vakumnya pemerintahan pada dekade 1960-1965… Cukup disayangkan, padahal ini sangat penting sebagai bukti sejarah,” kata Candrian Attahiyat.
Kendati demikian, arkeolog Universitas Indonesia berusia 76 tahun ini memastikan seluruh hasil penelitian yang diperolehnya akan diserahkan kepada Pemerintah DKI Jakarta untuk diarsipkan dan dikembangkan ilmu pengetahuan lebih lanjut.
Seorang pemandu wisata sejarah memperlihatkan denah benteng pertanian besar di Pulau Onrust, Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta, Kamis (16/11/2023). ANTARA/M Riezko Bima Elko P.
Potensi wisata sejarah di masa depan
Penelitian penggalian arkeologi ini merupakan bentuk persiapan Pemerintah DKI Jakarta menjadikan Pulau Onrust sebagai pusat wisata edukasi sejarah atau edutourism.
Kepala Dinas Kebudayaan Provinsi DKI Jakarta Iwan H. Wardhana mengatakan, data dan fakta sejarah yang diperoleh menjadi modal utama menjalankan eduwisata Pulau Onrust saat ini dan di masa depan.
Untuk itu, pemerintah berkomitmen untuk tidak melakukan pemugaran bangunan bersejarah di Pulau Onrust seperti anjuran tim ahli arkeologi untuk tujuan pelestarian.
Namun sebaliknya pemerintah dalam rancangan perencanaannya akan mengemas tampilan Pulau Onrust dengan memanfaatkan teknologi canggih berbasis digital, metaverse Dan realitas maya.
Hal ini jauh lebih baik dan layak dilakukan, karena jika pemugaran dilakukan pada separuh bangunan saja maka keaslian peninggalan sejarah akan berkurang atau mungkin hilang.
Pemandangan Pulau Onrust, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta yang menyimpan banyak sejarah masa penjajahan Belanda – Jepang di Indonesia, Kamis (16/11/2023). (ANTARA/M Riezko Bima Elko P)
Kemudian, pemerintah bertekad meningkatkan keterampilan dan pendapatan 22 warga yang menjadi penduduk tetap Pulau Onrust.
Puluhan warga mulai menempati Pulau Onrust sebagai pemandu wisata dan penjaga warisan budaya, sejak kawasan ini dijadikan Museum Arkeologi Onrust pada tahun 2022 oleh Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset dan Teknologi. Pengelolaan Pulau Onrust berada dalam satu payung di bawah UPT Museum Bahari DKI Jakarta.
Setahun setelah ditetapkan sebagai museum, data kunjungan menunjukkan minat wisatawan, baik lokal maupun mancanegara, terhadap sejarah kolonial Belanda relatif tinggi.
Pada Januari-Maret 2023, jumlah kunjungan mencapai 1.423-1.615 orang, disusul April-Juni meningkat menjadi 3.881 – 4.338 wisatawan atau meningkat hingga 50 persen dibandingkan tahun sebelumnya.
Melalui upaya konservasi dan pengembangan, Pulau Onrust diharapkan dapat terus menjadi destinasi menarik bagi mereka yang ingin menelusuri dan memahami lebih dalam peninggalan sejarah yang terdapat di pulau kecil yang berjarak 25 kilometer sebelah utara Ibu Kota Jakarta ini.
Redaksi : Slamet Hadi Purnomo
HAK CIPTA © ANTARA 2023
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