Gali sejarah Pulau Onrust yang tak terlupakan
Jakarta (ANTARA) – Terletak di tengah laut lepas, di antara gugusan Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta, terdapat sebuah pulau kecil bernama Onrust. Pulau ini menyimpan banyak cerita masa lalu yang begitu kaya dan mengesankan sehingga keberadaannya tidak boleh dilupakan.Pulau Onrust merupakan sebuah tempat kosong tak berpenghuni yang ditumbuhi pohon bakau, pernah menjadi tempat peristirahatan para Sultan Keraton Banten (1522-an) karena posisinya tepat di titik perlintasan kapal-kapal ketika masuk ke Pulau Jawa.
Kondisi ini pun berubah drastis ketika VOC atau Perusahaan Vereenigde Oost-Indische resmi menduduki pulau paling utara Jakarta pada tahun 1610.
Di tangan penjajah VOC, peran Pulau Onrust semakin penting, mereka menjadikannya sebagai gudang penyimpanan rempah-rempah, dermaga pembuatan dan perbaikan kapal terbaik di dunia melampaui masanya.
Hal ini terbukti seperti yang ditulis oleh James Cock. Dalam banyak artikelnya, penjelajah asal Inggris ini menyatakan bahwa galangan kapal Onrust adalah yang terbaik di dunia karena dilengkapi peralatan canggih yang digerakkan oleh kincir angin mekanis.
Pada tahun 1619 John Peter menyulap pulau seluas 8 hektar ini menjadi pangkalan pertahanan maritim dan pusat pasukan kolonial di nusantara.
John Peter selaku pemimpin pasukan VOC Belanda diam-diam membangun benteng darat di Pulau Onrust yang memudahkan mereka dalam menyerang Jayakarta. Puncaknya, Belanda berhasil membangun kota Batavia di jantung ibu kota Jakarta pada tahun 1620.
Namun seiring berjalannya waktu, sejarah Pulau Onrust nyaris terlupakan karena minimnya dokumentasi sejarah yang dimiliki oleh Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta.
Hal inilah yang menjadi alasan pemerintah melakukan penggalian arkeologi di pulau ini, untuk menggali lebih dalam dan mengungkap jejak sejarah yang telah lama tersembunyi.
Tim Ahli Cagar Budaya (TACB) DKI Jakarta Candrian Attahiyat meneliti struktur batu bata sisa benteng besar peninggalan VOC (1600 M) di Pulau Onrust, Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta Kamis (16/11/2023). ANTARA/M Riezko Bima Elko P.
Penggalian arkeologi
Kegiatan penggalian arkeologi di Pulau Onrust dilakukan oleh tim arkeologi Dinas Kebudayaan DKI Jakarta. Tujuannya untuk meneliti dan mencari kepastian mengenai jejak-jejak sejarah kolonial yang mungkin masih terpelihara di kawasan ibu kota.
Kegiatan ini akan berlangsung selama 14 hari, mulai 8 November hingga 22 November 2023. Pulau Onrust yang ditetapkan sebagai Kawasan Cagar Budaya berdasarkan Keputusan Gubernur DKI Jakarta Nomor 2209 Tahun 2015 menjadi fokus penggalian penelitian.
Ketua tim penggalian arkeologi, Candrian Attahiyat membenarkan, pada masa penjajahan, Pulau Onrust merupakan basis pertahanan laut di utara Batavia. Salah satu peninggalannya adalah sisa-sisa benteng pertahanan yang ditemukan di Pulau Onrust.
Benteng ini merupakan benteng pertama di Pulau Onrust yang berbentuk persegi panjang dan dilengkapi dengan dua buah bastion (pos pengamanan sudut) dengan courtine (dinding penghubung bastion) yang tidak panjang.
Penemuan ini didasarkan pada hasil penelitian penggalian arkeologi yang dilakukan Candrian sebelumnya pada tahun 1981 hingga 1995.
Namun hasil penelitian sebelumnya belum mencukupi sehingga perlu dilanjutkan. Sebab, tim arkeologi meyakini ada benteng lain yang lebih besar. Konstruksi dimulai sekitar tahun 1671.
Benteng besar ini berukuran 2/3 pulau dan berbentuk segi lima dengan banyak bastion di setiap sudutnya seperti tergambar pada peta tahun 1744 karya JW Heiydt.
Oleh karena itu, melalui penelitian penggalian ini tim arkeologi ingin menemukan dan membuktikannya. Target utama mereka adalah mencari jalur akses masuk dan keluar serta batas-batas benteng. Objek ini penting untuk mempertimbangkan pelestarian warisan budaya di Pulau Onrust.
Struktur batu bata sisa-sisa benteng besar peninggalan VOC (1600 M) ditemukan para arkeolog di Pulau Onrust, Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta, Kamis (16/11/2023). ANTARA/M Riezko Bima Elko P.
Fakta sejarah tentang Pulau Onrust
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